لغات مهم مبحث “Government and the authorities”

لغات مهم مبحث ” Government and the authorities “

مهم ترین و ضروری ترین مباحثی که در رایتینگ و اسپیکینگ آیلتس مطرح میشود را میتوان در 10 بخش بررسی نمود.

این بخش از لغات آیلتسی سایت مهم ترین وکاربردی ترین کلمات مباحث ضروری را در یک درس جداگانه از لغات آیلتسی مورد بررسی قرار می دهد.

برای مثال در ادامه، لغات مهم مبحث ” Government and the authorities “ را خواهید دید که تلفظ هر کلمه کنار آن وجود دارد و با کلیک بر روی “تلفظ” میتوانید به تلفظ صحیح آن واژه گوش دهید.

همچنین مثالى مناسب برای استفاده در اسپيكينگ آورده شده است و در پايان مبحث نیز يك رايتينگ تسك 2 كامل با كل كلمات آموزش داده شده اين مبحث برای یادگیری کاربردی هر یک ازاین لغات هم در اسپیکینگ و هم در رایتینگ می باشد.

لازم به ذکر است این دروس قابل استفاده براى همه زبان اموزان بالای سطح متوسط می باشد.

🔶🔹 trustworthy

(قابل اعتماد)

📌 In most countries, politicians are regarded as untrustworthy and possibly corrupt.

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🔶🔹 paramount

(برترين)

📌 It is paramount that we find a solution to the problem of Internet piracy.

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🔶🔹 devious

(فريبكار)

📌 Online criminals today are devious, and use many different methods to deceive their victims.

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🔶🔹 minutiae (تلفظ ميشود ‘my-new-shy’)

(جزئيات كم اهميت)

📌 Nobody really understands the minutiae of the new tax code.
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🔶🔹 grievance

(شكايت، نارضايتى)

📌 Some towns in the countryside have a grievance with central government because of land reform laws.

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🔶🔹 sensitivity

(حساسيت)

📌 Teachers should show sensitivity to students who have language difficulties.

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🔶🔹 to commit an offence/a crime

(مرتكب جرم شدن)

📌 The President committed murder when he arranged for his opponent to be assassinated.
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🔶🔹 informants

(مخبرها، كسانى كه به پليس اطلاعات ميدهند)

📌 The police paid the informant for information about who organised the riots.
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🔶🔹 evidence

(شواهد)

📌 The police had a lot of DNA evidence against her, but no witness statements.
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🔶🔹 trial

(جلسه دادرسى، محاكمه)

📌 A murder trial can last for many weeks and cost millions of Euros to conduct.

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🔶🔹 conviction rates

(درصد محكوميت)

📌 Conviction rates for burglary are low; only about 30% of trials result in a conviction.

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🔶🔹 a deterrent

(يك بازدارنده)

📌 We have a guard dog as a deterrent against intruders at night. It deters people from coming into our garden.
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🔶🔹 to sentence

(محكوم كردن)

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🔶🔹 Imprisonment

(حبس)

📌 He was sentenced to five years imprisonment for the armed robbery of a shop.
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🔶🔹 A fine

(جريمه نقدى)

📌 The fine for speeding in my country is about 200 Euros.

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🔶🔹 to enforce laws

(اجراى قانون)

📌 The police are not enforcing the laws about dropping litter in public. They should arrest more people for this.
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🔶🔹 unequitable

(غير منصفانه)

📌 It is unequitable to arrest young people for speeding, but not older people.
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🔶🔹 law-abiding

(قانون مدار)

📌 I am a law-abiding citizen. I never break the speed limit or any other laws.
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🔶🔹 lateral thinking

(تفكر جانبى)

📌 Facebook and Google are great examples of companies that have grown on lateral thinking.

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🔶🔹 investigate

(تحقيق و بررسى)

📌 The police refused to investigate the Prime Minister, leading to accusations of corruption.
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🔶🔹 to transcend

(برترى يافتن، فراتر رفتن)

📌 The need for reducing financial waste transcends the government – everybody should be spending money more carefully.

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🔶🔹 a context

(زمينه، شرايط)

📌 Armed police evidently work well in the American context, but would be less effective in a British context.

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🔶🔹 to outweigh

(مهم تر بودن)

📌 The advantages of having a diesel car outweigh the costs.

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🔶🔹 over-familiarity

(صميميت زياد از حد)

📌 We should discourage over-familiarity between judges and lawyers, because it could lead to corruption.

نمونه سوال رایتینگ تسک 2 آیلتس درباره مبحث “Government and the authorities”:

Some observers say that police officers should be recruited from the communities where they work, so that they have local knowledge. Other people say that this is unnecessary, or even undesirable. Where do you stand on this debate? Is local knowledge essential in modern policing?

نمونه پاسخ نمره 9 به سوال فوق:

The need for effective, trustworthy police officers is paramount in society today, especially as criminals become more devious and creative. Regarding whether police should be locally hired, there is a case to be made on both sides of the debate.

Those who support local recruitment of officers point to the need for the police to understand the minutiae of the local community. For example, a community may have certain frictions or a history of a specific grievance, whether religious, political or otherwise. In such situations, the argument goes, the police need to show sensitivity, and also be able to anticipate the kinds of crimes that may be committed. Furthermore, local officers may find it easier to gain informants in the community, leading to stronger evidence at trials, higher conviction rates and a deterrent to crime through sentencing, imprisonment, fines or community service leading to rehabilitation of the offender.

On the other hand, it seems likely that officers from the community may in fact share some of the tendencies of the people they grew up with. For example, in countries such as Mexico, we see a high incidence of corruption among the local business and government community which is equalled by bribery among the police. A second objection is that local sensitivity may lead to the police failing to enforce laws fully, and effectively making exceptions for some offenders, which is unequitable towards law-abiding citizens. Finally, we must remember that police officers should have transferable skills, such as lateral thinking and investigative ability, which should transcend their background or the environment they are working in.

In conclusion, it seems to me that local knowledge is not absolutely essential for the police, whose skills should be effective in any context. Indeed, I agree with those who say that the risks of local recruitment outweigh the benefits, because of the danger of corruption and over-familiarity with potential offenders.