پکیج رایگان گرامری سطح intermediate تا advanced

معمولا as و like كمى براى زبان اموزان گيج كننده است و اين دو كلمه را گاهى جا به جا به كار ميبرند؛ چون هر دوى انها براى مقايسه استفاده ميشوند. ولى بايد توجه كرد تفاوت هاى مهمى نيز با هم دارند.

🔲◼️as و like:
(براى مقايسه)

➡️as + adjective + as
➡️ as much as

اغلب از دو ساختار بالا استفاده ميكنيم وقتى ميخواهيم بگوييم چيزى همان كيفيت چيز ديگر را دارد يا ندارد. براى مثال:

📌She loves burgers as much as I do.
📌She’s not as tall as her brother.
📌It’s not as expensive as the other cellphone.
📌That cat is as big as this child!

⬅️همچنين از as ميتوانيد در عبارت “the same as” استفاده كنيد:

📌Your dress is the same as mine.

📌Texting is not the same as speaking in person.

➡️like + noun

در اين مقايسه پس از like اسم يا ضمير قرار ميگيرد تا بگوييم دو چيز به هم شبيه اند:

📌He’s like a brother to me.
📌He’s acting like a child.
📌It’s like a sandwich but with big mushrooms instead of bread.
📌There are lots of people like us.

⬅️همچنين براى مقايسه like را ميتوانيد با افعال حسى هم به كار ببريد:

📌She looks like her sister.
📌It sounds like a dog.
📌Nothing tastes like homemade cheese.
📌It smells like medicine.
📌It feels like silk.

as if/as though + clause

ساختارهاى as if يا as though در مواقعى استفاده ميشوند كه ميخواهيم يك شرايط واقعى را با يك شرايط فرصى مقايسه كنيم:

📌She looks as if she’s seen a ghost.

📌We felt as if we were floating above the ground.

📌They talk as though they’re never going to see each other again.

براى مثال اوردن ميتوانيد از ساختار such as يا like استفاده كنيد:

📌You could try a team sport like volleyball, handball or football.

📌You should take something soft, such as a towel, to lie on.

🔲◼️براى يك كار يا شغل

براى صحبت از شغل ميتوانيد از ساختار as+ noun استفاده كنيد.

📌I worked as a shop assistant for five years.

📌She used her coat as a blanket to keep warm.

به نقش as بعنوان متصل كننده دو عبارت (conjunction) ميپردازيم كه ميتواند معانى متفاوتى داشته باشد.

🔲◼️as to connect two phrases:

➡️as = ‘because’
(چون)

📌All the tickets were sold out as they got there too late.

📌As the road was closed, we had to park on the next street.

➡️as = ‘while’ or ‘during the time that’
(موقعى كه، در حاليكه)

📌He called as I was getting out of the bath.

📌As they were arriving, I was leaving.

➡️as = ‘in the way that’
(همانطور كه)

📌As I expected, it started to rain.

📌As you know, classes restart on 18 March.

📌As I said, I think this project will be a challenge.

💡به ياد داشته باشيد در رابطه با مورد اخر: در صحبت هاى غير رسمى و خودمانى، ميتوان از like هم استفاده كرد. براى مثال:

📌Like I said, I didn’t know him.

تفاوت اصلى although, even though, in spite of و despite با هم اين است كه هر كدام در ساختارهاى متفاوت به كار ميروند.

🔲◼️in spite of / despite

پس از in spite of و despite ميتوانيم يك اسم، ضمير يا جراند(فعل+ing) به كار ببريم.

📌We never made much money, in spite of our success.
📌In spite of the pain in her knee, she completed the marathon.
📌Despite having a stomachache, I had a great birthday.
📌The train was cancelled. In spite of that, l arrived on time.

💡توجه داشته باشيد كه استفاده از in spite of و despite همراه با عبارت the fact that بسيار رايج است. پس از ان ضمير و فعل به كار ميرود.

📌In spite of the fact that we worked very hard, we didn’t pass the exam.
📌Despite the fact that we worked very hard, we didn’t pass the exam.

پس از although و even though از فاعل و فعل استفاده ميكنيم. even though كمى قوى تر و موكدتر از although است.

🔲◼️Although/ even though:

📌We enjoyed the course, although we would have liked more grammar practice.

📌Although they saw each other every day, they didn’t really know each other.

📌Even though he spoke very quietly, l understood every word.

📌He didn’t get the job, even though he had all the necessary qualifications.

🔲◼️Though:

استفاده از though نيز مانند although است:

📌Though sarah wasn’t keen on the film, she thought the music was beautiful.

همچنين though ميتواند در اخر عبارت دوم هم قرار بگيرد ولى مختص اسپيكينگ است:

📌I waited ages for my food. The waiter was really nice, though.

Although, even though, in spite of و despiteAlthough, even though, in spite of و despite

just, yet, still و already

اين ساختارها را معمولا در زمان present perfect (حال كامل) به كار ميبريم چون مربوط به زمان حال است.

در اين قسمت روى معنى و كاربرد اين ساختارها در حال كامل تمركز ميكنيم:

🔲◼️just:

واژه just در ساختار حال كامل به معنى ‘a short time before’ (مدت زمان كمى قبل از) ميباشد.

📌I’ve just seen Emma coming out of the cinema.

📌Joe’s just called. Can you ring him back, please?

📌Have you just taken my hat?!

واژه just بين افعال كمكى (have/has) و صورت سوم فعل به كار ميرود.

🔲◼️yet:

كلمه yet را با زمان حال كامل به معنى “هر موقع از الان به بعد ” به كار ميبريم. براى تأكيد به اينكه انتظار رخداد چيزى را داريم به كار ميرود. در اين نوع ساختار، اين كلمه فقط در جملات پرسشى و منفى به كار ميرود.

📌Has she finished her homework yet?

📌She hasn’t finished it yet. She’ll do it after dinner.

📌A. Where’s Justin? B: He hasn’t arrived yet.

اين ساختار در جملات حال كامل معناى چيزى را ميدهد كه هنوز اتفاق نيوفتاده. از ان استفاده ميكنيم تا تاكيد كنيم انتظار داريم چيزى زودتر اتفاق بيوفتد.
در اين موقعيت (با حال كامل) فقط در جملات منفى استفاده ميشود.

📌I’ve been waiting for an hour and the bus still hasn’t come.

📌They promised me that report yesterday but they still haven’t finished it.

📌She still hasn’t replied to my email. Maybe she’s on holiday.

💡واژه still بين فاعل و فعل كمكى به كار ميرود.

🔲◼️Already:

واژه already به معناى قبلا است و براى توضيح اينكه چيزى قبلا اتفاق افتاده با حال كامل به كار ميرود.

📌I’ve already spent my salary and it’s two weeks before payday.

📌He wanted to see Sudden Risk but I’ve already seen it.

📌The train’s left already!

دو گرامر Used to + infinitive و be/get used to + -ing در ظاهر شبيه به هم هستند ولى كاربردهاى بسيار متفاوتى دارند.

🔲◼️Used to:

از used to + infinitive استفاده ميكنيم براى صحبت از موقعيتى در گذشته كه ديگر درست نيست. درباره ى يك عمل يا موقعيتى است كه قبلا به صورت مكرر انجام ميشد اما الان تغيير كرده.

📌He used to be a long-distance runner when he was younger.

📌Sam didn’t use to sleep very well, but then he started doing yoga and it really helps.

📌Did you use to come here as a child?

🔲◼️Be/get used to:

اين ساختار به معناى عادت كردن به چيزى ميباشد. ان را ميتوان مترادف’be familiar with’ يا ‘be accustomed to’ دانست.

📌We’re used to the city now and don’t get lost any more.

📌She wasn’t used to walking so much and her legs hurt after the hike.

📌Emma is a teacher so she’s used to speaking in public.

از get used to براى پروسه ى عادت كردن به چيزى استفاده ميكنيم.

📌They’re finding this new job hard but I’m sure they’ll get used to it soon.

📌It took my sister years to get used to living in London after moving from Iran.

📌We’re getting used to the noise now. We found it really stressful when we first moved in.

💡پس از Be used to و get used to از اسم يا ضمير يا فعل با ing استفاده ميشود. اين ساختار براى زمان گذشته، حال و آينده قابل استفاده است.

🔲◼️صفات و قيد ها:

از so با قيد ها و صفت ها استفاده ميكنيم تا انها را قوى تر كنيم

📌It’s so hot today!
📌He looks so young in that photo.
📌She walks so slowly. It’s so annoying!

💡اگر صفات و قيدهاى comparative (مقايسه اى) را به كار برده ايم بايد از so much براى شدت دادن به ان استفاده كنيم:

📌Sam and Sarah were so much more innocent when they were younger.
📌we work so much more quickly when we can concentrate.

🔲◼️اسم ها:

با يك اسم يا صفت + اسم such به كار ميبريم تا ان را قوى تر كنيم:

📌She’s such an angel!

📌It’s such a cold day today!

📌They’re such lovely shoes.

📌Where did you buy them?

💡اما توجه داشته باشيد وقتى از much, many, little و few با يك اسم استفاده ميكنيم، از so براى قوى تر كردن ان استفاده ميكنيم.

📌There are so many people here!

📌He has had so little time to himself this week.

از wish و if only براى صحبت از چيزهايى استفاده ميشود كه دوست داريم متفاوت باشد در زمان حال يا در زمان گذشته. If only معمولا كمى قوى تر از wish ميباشد.

🔲◼️در زمان گذشته:

از wish و if only + افعال گذشته استفاده ميكنيم براى چيزى در زمان حال كه دوست داريم متفاوت باشد.

📌I wish she didn’t live so far away.

📌If only I knew what to do.

📌She wishes she could afford a holiday.

🔲◼️در زمان حال:

از wish و if only + افعال گذشته بعيد استفاده ميكنيم براى صحبت درباره چيزى در گذشته كه دوست داشتيم متفاوت باشد.

📌We wish we hadn’t eaten so much chocolate. We’re feeling very sick now.

📌If only they’d studied harder when they were at school.

💡ميتوان wish + would(n’t) را براى نشان دادن اينكه از چيزى يا كسى كه كارى را انجام داده يا نداده رنجور شده ايم به كار برد. اغلب وقتى به كار ميبريم كه احساس ميكنيم انها نميخواهند تغيير كنند يا احتمال تغيير وجود ندارد.

📌I wish she wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.

📌I wish it would rain. The flowers really need some water.

📌He wishes she’d work less. They never spend any time together.

حتما ميدانيد كه براى شروع جمله در زبان انگليسى از حروف بزرگ استفاده ميكنيم؛ اما قوانين مهم ديگرى هم وجود دارد كه براى برخى كلمات بايد حتما از حروف بزرگ استفاده كنيم مثل روزها، ماه ها، تعطيلات، نام ها و نام افراد، عناوین و نام نهاد ها كه در اين پست و پست هاى اينده به هركدام از انها خواهيم پرداخت.

🔲◼️روزها و ماه ها:

براى نوشتن روزها، ماه ها، تعطيلات و فستيوال ها از حروف بزرگ استفاده ميكنيم ولى نه فصل ها.

📌Her birthday party is on Wednesday.
📌Schools are closed at Christmas.
📌It rains a lot in October and November, but the summer is very dry.

🔲◼️نام افراد و مكان ها:

نام افراد و مكان ها ( كه شامل خيابان ها، گياهان، قاره ها و كشور ها هم ميشود) را با حروف بزرگ شروع ميكنيم.

📌Joey Antony has lived on Park Street in Manchester for 10 years.
📌The Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
📌Turkey is in both Europe and Asia.

💡كلماتى كه از نام مكان ها مى ايند ( مثلا زبان ها، مليت ها يا صفاتى كه اشاره به چيزها و افراد يك كشور، ناحيه، يا شهر دارند) با حروف بزرگ شروع ميشوند. همچنين اسم ها و صفت هايى كه از نام مذهب ها مى ايند را هم با حروف بزرگ مينويسيم.

📌Some Canadians speak French.
📌Londoners eat a lot of Indian food.
📌Most Muslims fast during the day for Ramadan.

نام ارگان ها و معمولا كلمات مهم در تايتل كتابها و فيلم ها با حرف بزرگ شروع ميشوند. وقتى لقب شغلى كسى قبل از اسم او قرار ميگيرد هر دو كلمه را (هم لقب شغل هم اسم) با حرف بزرگ شروع كنيد.
اما اگر لقب شغلى با فاصله از اسم او در جمله باشد، فقط اسم او را با حرف بزرگ شروع كنيد.

📌Hassan Rouhani, the president of Iran, is visiting President Alvi tomorrow.

📌The chief executive officer lives in Los Angeles.

📌We are reading War and Peace with Ms Kermani, our teacher.

از آپستروف براى نشان دادن مخفف ها و مالكيت استفاده ميشود.

🔲◼️Contractions (مخفف ها):

از آپستروف استفاده ميكنيم براى نشان دادن جاهايى در مخفف ها كه حروف را حذف كرده ايم. مثل:

📌It’s raining. (It’s = It is)

📌Don’t worry, it won’t rain. (Don’t = Do not; won’t = will not)

📌She can’t drive because she’s broken her leg. (can’t = cannot; she’s = she has)

📌I’d like a coffee, please. (I’d = I would)

📌You’ll be fine. (You’ll = You will)

💡توجه كنيد كه it’s و its با هم تفاوت دارند. It’s مخفف it is يا it has است و Its مالكيت را نشان ميدهد.

📌The dog is chasing its tail.

📌Are you sure it’s OK for me to ring you so early?

📌It’s rained a lot this week.

🔲◼️Possession (مالكيت):

☑️براى مالكيت ها از آپستروف با حرف s پس از يك اسم (معمولا انسان ها يا حيوانات) استفاده ميكنيم كه نشان دهيم اسم متعلق به كسى يا چيزى هست.

📌My dog’s favourite toy is a small, pink ball.

📌Anna’s parents live in London.

📌Italy’s economy is growing.

مفرد يا جمع:

☑️ما از s’ براى مالك مفرد استفاده ميكنيم:

📌Marie’s mother is going to Hong Kong.

☑️همچنين از s’ براى مالكانى استفاده ميكنيم كه يك اسم جمع هستند كه به s ختم نميشوند.

📌The People’s Republic of China
My cousin writes children’s books.

☑️وقتى يك اسم جمع به s ختم ميشود آپستروف را پس از s قرار ميدهيم. (‘s).

📌This is a picture of my parents’ house.

📌Our friend’s new car is red. She just got it yesterday.

📌Our friends’ new car is red. They just got it yesterday.

📌When a singular noun ends in s, we generally use ‘s.

📌James’s brother-in-law is German.
He has a collection of Dickens’s novels.

☑️جملات شرطى نتيجه ى يك موقعيت بخصوص را بيان ميكنند. اين جملات از دو كلاز تشكيل شده اند. ١- if clause كه موقعيت شرطى را نشان ميدهد (If you study hard) و ٢- main clause كه نتيجه را نشان ميدهد (If you study hard).

📌If you study hard, you will pass your exams.
📌You will pass your exams if you study hard.

جملات شرطى انواع مختلفى دارد كه اصلى ترين انها را بررسى خواهيم كرد.

🔲◼️Zero conditional:

از كانديشينال نوع صفر وقتى استفاده ميكنيم كه ميخواهيم درباره چيزهايى صحبت كنيم كه به طور كلى صحيح هستند. مخصوصا قوانين و قواعد.

📌If I drink too much coffee, I can’t sleep at night.
📌Ice melts if you heat it.
📌When the sun goes down, it gets dark.

ساختار كلى اين نوع جملات:

✅if/when + present simple >> present simple.

🔲◼️First conditional:

📌If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach.
📌Arsenal will be top of the league if they win.
📌When I finish work, I’ll call you.

ساختار نوع اول جملات شرطى معمولا به اين صورت است:

✅if/when + present simple >> will + infinitive

💡همچنين در اين نوع جملات به جاى if ميتوان از unless, as long as, as soon as يا in case instead of if استفاده كرد.

📌I’ll leave as soon as the babysitter arrives.
📌I don’t want to stay in London unless I get a well-paid job.
📌I’ll give you a key in case I’m not at home.
📌You can go to the party, as long as you’re back by midnight.

🔲◼️Second conditional:

اين نوع جملات براى تصور چيزى از زمان حال يا اينده به كار ميروند كه غير ممكن است يا احتمال خيلى كمى براى رخ دادن ان وجود دارد.

📌If you had a garden, you could have a dog.

📌If we won a lot of money, we’d buy a big house in the country.

📌I wouldn’t worry if I were you.

ساختار اين جملات معمولا به اين صورت است:

✅if + past simple >> + would + infinitive.

💡وقتى if با فعل توبى بيايد از لحاظ گرامرى صحيح است كه بگوييم:
if I were, if he were, if she were and if it were.
هر چند استفاده از was هم رايج است. به خصوص براى he/ she.

📌If I were you, I wouldn’t mention it.

📌If he was prime minister, he would invest more money in schools.

📌She would travel more if she was younger.

🔲◼️Third conditional:

اين نوع جملات شرطى براى تصور يك گذشته ى متفاوت استفاده ميشوند. ما يك تغيير در شرايطى از گذشته را تصور ميكنيم كه يك نتيجه متفاوت از ان تغيير را ميدهد.

📌If we had understood the instructions properly, we would have passed the exam.
📌I wouldn’t have got lost if my phone hadn’t run out of battery.

در جملات نوع سوم معمولا ساختار جملات به اين صورت است:

✅If + past perfect >> would have + past participle.

🔲◼️Mixed conditionals

وقتى از جملات شرطى تركيبى استفاده ميكنيم كه تغييرى در گذشته را تصور ميكنيم با نتيجه اى در زمان حال، يا تغييرى در حال با نتيجه اى در گذشته. مهم ترين انها اين دو نوع ميباشند:

1️⃣ Past/Present:

در اين جملات تصور ميشود چطور تغييرى در زمان گذشته نتيجه اى در زمان حال ميداد. براى مثال:

📌If I hadn’t got the job in China, I wouldn’t be with my current partner.

ساختار:

✅If + past perfect >> would + infinitive.

2️⃣ Present/Past:

در اين نوع جملات تصور ميشود چطور موقعيتى متفاوت در زمان حال تفاوتى در گذشته را هم شامل ميشد. براى مثال:

📌It’s really important. If it wasn’t, I wouldn’t have called them on their holiday.

ساختار:

✅If + past simple >> would have + past participle.

🔲◼️ميتوانيم از گرامر future continuous (will/won’t be + -ing form) استفاده كنيم تا درباره چيزهايى در اينده حرف بزنيم كه:

1️⃣در حال انجام خواهند بود در زمان مشخصى در اينده:

📌When you come out of school tomorrow, I’ll be boarding a plane.

📌Try to call before 8 o’clock. After that, we’ll be watching the match.

📌You can visit us during the first week of July. I won’t be working then.

2️⃣ميبينيم جديد، متفاوت و موقت هستند:

📌Today we’re taking the bus but next week we’ll be taking the train.

📌He’ll be staying with his parents for several months while his father is in recovery.

📌Will you be starting work earlier with your new job?

🔲◼️Future perfect:

از اين گرامر وقتى استفاده ميكنيم كه ميخواهيم درباره چيزى صحبت كنيم كه تا زمان مشخصى از اينده انجام خواهد شد.

📌The guests are coming at 11 p.m.

📌I’ll have finished baking the cake by then.

📌On 12 December we’ll have been married for 30 years.

📌Will you have gone to bed when I get back?

💡از عباراتى مانند by يا by the time (تا)
و يا عباراتى مانند:
in or in a day’s time / in two months’ time / in five years’ time
(تا اخرِ اين بازه زمانى)
استفاده ميكنيم تا زمانى را براى اتمام كار بگوييم.

📌We won’t have written all the reports by next week.

📌By the time we arrive, the kids will have gone to bed.

📌I’ll have finished in two hours and then we can watch a film.

📌In five years’ time, I’ll have graduated from university.

🔲◼️will

از will براى برنامه هايى استفاده ميكنيم كه فورى در همان لحظه ى صحبت برنامه ريزى كرده ايم:

📌Oops, I forgot to phone Dad! I’ll do it after lunch.

📌I can’t decide what to wear tonight. I know! I’ll wear my blue dress.

📌There’s no bread. I’ll buy some when I go to the shops.

🔲◼️going to

از going to زمانى استفاده ميكنيم كه درباره برنامه اى قبل از صحبت الان برنامه ريزى كرده ايم.

📌I’m going to phone dad after lunch. I told her I’d call at 8 o’clock.

📌I’m going to wear my blue dress tonight.

📌We’re going to go to the supermarket after work. What do you need?

🔲◼️Present continuous

از ساختار present continuous وقتى استفاده ميكنيم كه قرارى را از قبل تنظيم كرده ايم- معمولا با حداقل يك نفر ديگر، و زمان و مكان ان را هم ميدانيم.

📌I’m meeting Sue at 8 o’clock on Thursday.

📌We’re having a party next Sunday. Would you like to come?

💡اغلب از ساختار present continuous براى پرسيدن درباره برنامه هاى اينده بقيه استفاده ميكنيم.

📌Are you doing anything interesting next weekend?

🔲◼️must

از must زمانى استفاده ميكنيم كه مطمئن هستيم چيزى درست است يا تنها گزينه اى هست كه امكان واقعى بودن ان وجود دارد.

📌This must be his house. I can see his car in the garage.

📌She must live near here because she always walks to work.

📌Come inside and get warm. You must be freezing out there!

🔲◼️might, may, could

از might, may يا could استفاده ميكنيم تا نشان دهيم چيزى ممكن است ولى درباره ان مطمئن نيستيم.

📌He’s not here yet. He might be stuck in traffic.

📌She’s not answering. She could be in class.

📌We regret to inform you that some services may be delayed due to the bad weather.

💡همه ى انها معانى يكسانى دارند اما may كمى رسمى تر از might و could است.

🔲◼️can’t

از can’t زمانى استفاده ميكنيم كه مطمئن هستيم چيزى نميتواند اتفاق بيوفتد و ممكن نيست.

📌It can’t be far now. I’ve been driving for hours.

📌He can’t know about the complaint. He’s promoted her to team leader.

📌It can’t be easy for her, looking after three kids on her own.

💡توجه داشته باشيد پس از همه ى افعال مدال، فعل بايد ساده به كار رود (infinitive without to).

🔲◼️must have:

از must have + past participle (شكل سوم فعل)
استفاده ميكنيم وقتى احساس ميكنيم درباره چيزى كه اتفاق افتاده مطمئنيم.

📌Who told the newspapers about the prime minister’s plans? It must have been someone close to her.

📌The thief must have had a key. The door was locked and nothing was broken.

📌Oh, good! We’ve got soda. Sia must have bought some yesterday.

 

🔲◼️might have / may have:

ميتوانيم از might have يا may have + past participle استفاده كنيم وقتى فكر ميكنيم ممكن است چيزى اتفاق افتاده باشد.

📌I think we might have left the air conditioning on. Please can you check?

📌Police think the suspect may have left the country using a fake passport.

💡عبارت May have كمى رسمى تر از might have است. Could have هم در اين مفهوم صحيح است اما رايج نيست.

 

🔲◼️can’t have / couldn’t have:

💡 از can’t have و couldn’t have + past participle استفاده ميكنيم وقتى فكر ميكنيم امكان ندارد چيزى اتفاق بيرفتد.

📌He can’t have driven there. His car keys are still here.

📌I thought I saw Emily this morning but it couldn’t have been her – she’s in Paris this week.

🔲◼️Permission (اجازه)

✅can

از can براى درخواست و اجازه دادن استفاده ميكنيم:

📌Can I stand here?
📌You can use my bike if you like.
📌Can I make a suggestion?

✅could

از could هم براى درخواست و كسب اجازه استفاده ميكنيم (ولى نه اجازه دادن). Could رسمى تر و مودبانه تر است.

📌Could I ask you something?
📌Could I interrupt?
📌Could I borrow your bag for a moment, please?

✅may

رسمى ترين راه اجازه گرفتن و اجازه دادن استفاده از may هست.

📌May I see your passport, please?
📌Customers may request a refund within a period of 10 days.
📌These pages may be photocopied for classroom use.

🔲◼️Comparing

✅از صفات تفضيلى براى مقايسه بين دو چيز ميتوان استفاده كرد. براى مثال:

📌Sam is taller than sara.
📌You’re more patient than I am.
📌Her first book is less interesting than her second.

✅ميتوانيم از as … as با صفات استفاده كنيم تا بگوييم دو چيز مشابه هستند. يا از not as … as استفاده كنيم براى انكه بگوييم دو چيز مشابه نيستند و يكى كمتر از ديگريست.

📌His hair is as long as mine.
📌It’s not as windy as yesterday.

✅همچنين ميتوان اين عبارات را به كار برد:

different from, similar to و the same as.

📌England is different from the United Kingdom.
📌His bike is similar to mine.
📌The results from the first test are the same as the results from the second.

◼️نشان دادن تفاوت هاى زياد:

✅ميتوانيم از much, so much, a lot, even يا far با صفات تفضيلى استفاده كنيم.

📌Sales in November were a lot higher than sales in September.

📌She was far less experienced than the other applicant.

✅همچنين ميتوان عبارت nowhere near را با as … as به كار برد.

📌The interview was nowhere near as difficult as the written exam.

✅ميتوانيم از very, really, completely يا totally با different from استفاده كنيم.

📌Although we are twins, we’re completely different from each other.

🔲◼️براى نشان دادن تفاوت هاى كوچك:

✅ميتوانيم از slightly, a little, a bit, a little bit يا not much با صفات تفضيلى (تر) استفاده كنيم.

📌The number of registrations has been slightly higher than we expected.
📌Houses in my city are not much more expensive than flats.

✅همچنين ميتوانيم از almost, nearly, not quite, roughly, more or less يا about با as … as و the same as استفاده كنيم.

📌She’s almost as old as I am.
📌The figures for July are more or less the same as the figures for August.

✅ميتوان very يا really را با similar to به كار برد.

📌My son looks really similar to my brother when he was that age.

🔲◼️براى نشان دادن اينكه هيچ تفاوتى با هم ندارند

✅ميتوانيم از عبارت exactly the same as يا just as … as براى تاكيد روى اينكه نسبت به هم متفاوت نيستند استفاده كنيم.

📌My mother’s cakes still taste exactly the same as when I was a child!

📌A new bike can be just as expensive as a new phone these days.

📌In my view, being honest is just as important as being trustworthy.